气液两相流动和沸腾传热 英文【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

气液两相流动和沸腾传热 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 What is Two-Phase Flow1

1.2 Methods of Analysis2

1.3 Notation3

Chapter 2 Flow Pattern and Flow Pattern Map6

2.1 Introduction6

2.2 Flow Patterns in Vertical Flows6

2.2.1 Flow patterns in vertical co-current flow6

2.2.2 Flow patterns in vertical heated channels8

2.3 Flow Patterns in Horizontal Flows10

2.3.1 Flow patterns in horizontal co-current flow10

2.3.2 Flow patterns in horizontal heated channel12

2.4 Flow Pattern Maps and Transitions12

2.4.1 Typical flow pattern maps13

2.4.2 Criteria for flow pattern transitions15

2.5 Flow Patterns in Other Applications17

Chapter 3 Basic Models18

3.1 Introduction18

3.2 Drift Flux Model19

3.3 Two-Fluid Model20

3.4 Homogeneous Model22

3.4.1 Conservation of mass23

3.4.2 Conservation of momentum24

3.4.3 Conservation of energy25

3.5 Separated Flow Model27

3.6 Overview27

Chapter 4 Empirical Methods for Pressure Drop28

4.1 Introduction28

4.2 Correlations Based on the Homogeneous Model28

4.3 Correlations Based on the Separated Flow Model31

4.3.1 Correlations from momentum balance31

4.3.2 Use of model to evaluate pressure loss33

4.3.3 Determination of the two-phase multiplier33

4.4 Pressure Losses Through Enlargements,Contractions,Orifices,Bends,and Valves40

4.4.1 Sudden enlargement41

4.4.2 Sudden contraction43

4.4.3 Orifices43

4.5 Annular Flow45

4.6 Void Fraction46

4.6.1 Homogeneous model47

4.6.2 Drift-flux model47

4.6.3 The Bankoff variable density model49

4.6.4 The Hughmark correlation50

4.7 Conclusions51

Chapter 5 Two-Phase Critical Flow52

5.1 Introduction52

5.2 Theoretical Foundations53

5.3 Critical Flow in Long Pipes55

5.4 Critical Flow in Short Pipes,Nozzles and Orifices59

5.5 Propagation of Pressure Pulses and Waves63

Chapter 6 Introduction to Hydrodynamic Instability64

6.1 Introduction64

6.2 Classifications of Two-Phase Flow Instabilities65

6.3 Physical Mechanisms of Static Instabilities67

6.3.1 Fundamental static instability67

6.3.2 Fundamental relaxation instability71

6.3.3 Compound relaxationinstability71

6.4 Physical Mechanisms of Dynamic Instabilities73

6.4.1 Fundamental dynamic instability73

6.4.2 Acoustic instability74

6.4.3 Density-wave oscillations75

6.4.4 Pressure-drop oscillations76

6.4.5 Condensing instability78

6.4.6 Thermal oscillations78

6.4.7 Boiling water reactor instability79

6.4.8 Parallel channel instability80

6.5 Approaches in Two-Phase Flow Stability Analysis80

6.5.1 Direct numerical analysis81

6.5.2 Frequency-domain analysis81

6.6 Situations Where Instability Arise82

6.7 The Designer's Requirements83

6.8 Problems Arising in the Application of Models and Tests to Designs84

Chapter 7 Introduction to Nucleation in Boiling86

7.1 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium86

7.1.1 Equilibrium criterion86

7.1.2 P-v-T diagram86

7.1.3 Equation of state87

7.1.4 Metastable state88

7.1.5 Clausius-Clapeyron equation89

7.1.6 Thermodynamic equilibrium at a curved interface90

7.2 Homogeneous Nucleation92

7.2.1 Equilibrium condition for a embryo bubble93

7.2.2 Mechanism of nucleation94

7.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation95

7.3.1 Contact angle and wettability95

7.3.2 Nucleation at solid surfaces97

7.3.3 Nucleation from entrapped gas or vapor in cavities99

7.3.4 Size Range of Active Nucleation Sites101

7.4 Bubble Dynamics102

7.4.1 Bubble growth in an extensive liquid pool103

7.4.2 Bubble growth near heated surfaces107

7.4.3 Diameter and frequency of Bubble departure110

Chapter 8 Pool Boiling114

8.1 Nukiyama Boiling Curve114

8.2 Regimes of Pool Boiling116

8.3 Nucleate Boiling120

8.3.1 Inception of boiling(Onset of Nucleate Boiling)120

8.3.2 Heat transfer mechanisms in nucleate boiling123

8.3.3 Nucleate Pool Boiling Correlations125

8.4 Departure From Nucleate Pool Boiling128

8.4.1 Transitional boiling regime and Taylor instability128

8.4.2 Helmhohtz instability of vapor jets130

8.4.3 Prediction of critical heat flux131

8.5 Film Boiling133

8.6 Minimum Heat Flux134

Chapter 9 Flow Boiling135

9.1 Regimes of Convective Boiling in Tubes135

9.2 Onset of Boiling in Internal Flows140

9.3 Subcooled Flow Boiling143

9.3.1 Regimes of subcooled flow boiling143

9.3.2 Methods of predicting partial subcooled flow boiling heat transfer144

9.3.3 Void fraction and pressure drop in subcooled boiling147

9.4 Saturated Flow Boiling152

9.4.1 Regimes of saturated flow boiling152

9.4.2 Heat transfer correlations for saturated flow boiling153

9.5 Critical Heat Flux in Flow Boiling157

9.5.1 Mechanisms157

9.5.2 Prediction of CHF in flow boiling159

References167