契约法 第4版【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

契约法 第4版PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1 Introduction1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 The Scope of the Law of Contract1

1.3 The Basis of the Law of Contract3

1.4 Contract,Tort and Restitution6

1.5 Contract and Empirical Work7

1.6 A European Contract Law?8

Preface to the Fourth Edition9

Table of Cases10

1.7 An International Contract Law?10

1.8 The Role of National Contract Law in a Global Economy12

1.9 Contract Law and Human Rights13

Part Ⅰ THE FORMATION AND SCOP OF A CONTRACT17

2.1 Who Decides that an Agreement has been Reached?19

2 Agreement:Clearing the Ground19

2.2 A Residual Role for a Subjective Approach?22

2.3 The Objective Test25

2.4 Has Agreement been Reached?26

Summary29

Exercises30

3 Offer and Acceptance31

Table of Statutes32

3.1 Offer and Invitation to Treat32

3.2 Display of Goods for Sale34

3.3 Advertisements36

3.4 Auction Sales37

3.5 Tenders38

3.6 Time-tables and Vending Machines41

3.7 Acceptance42

3.8 Communication of the Acceptance42

3.9 Acceptance in Ignorance of the Offer43

3.10 Prescribed Method of Acceptance44

3.11 Acceptance by Silence45

3.12 Exceptions to the Rule Requiring Communication of Acceptance47

3.13 Acceptance in Unilateral Contracts50

3.14 Termination of the Offer51

3.15 The Limits of Offer and Acceptance53

Exercises55

Summary55

4 Certainty and Agreement Mistakes57

4.1 Certainty57

4.2 Vagueness63

4.3 Incompleteness63

4.4 A General Rule?65

4.5 A Restitutionary Approach?65

4.6 Mistake Negativing Consent67

Summary72

Exercises73

5 Consideration and Form74

5.1 Requirements of Form74

5.2 Consideration Defined79

5.3 The Many Functions of Consideration81

5.4 Consideration and Motive82

5.5 The Scope of the Doctrine82

5.6 Consideration Must Be Sufficient but It Need Not Be Adequate83

5.7 Trivial Acts83

5.8 Intangible Returns84

5.9 Compromise and Forbearance to Sue87

5.10 Performance of a Duty Imposed by Law88

5.11 Performance of a Contractual Duty Owed to the Promisor90

5.12 Practical Benefit93

5.13 Consideration and Duress95

5.14 Alternative Analyses97

5.15 Part Payment of a Debt98

5.16 Performance of a Duty Imposed by Contract with a Third Party100

5.18 Past Consideration101

5.17 Conceptions of Value101

5.19 Consideration Must Move from the Promisee103

5.20 Reliance Upon Non-bargain Promises104

5.21 The Role of Consideration106

5.22 Estoppel108

5.23 Estoppel by Representation110

5.24 Waiver and Variation111

5.25 Promissory Estoppel112

5.26 Estoppel by Convention114

5.27 Proprietary Estoppel115

5.28 The Relationship between Estoppel and Consideration117

5.29 Conclusion:The Future of Consideration121

Summary123

Exercises124

6 Intention to Create Legal Relations125

6.1 Introduction125

6.2 Balfour v.Balfour126

6.3 Rebutting the Presumption127

6.4 Domestic and Social Agreements127

6.5 Commercial Agreements130

Exercises131

Summary131

7 Third Party Rights133

7.1 Introduction133

7.2 Privity in Operation134

7.3 Privity and Consideration137

7.4 Criticisms of the Doctrine of Privity140

7.5 The Contracts(Rights of Third Parties)Act 1999140

7.6 The Intention Test141

7.8 The Remedies Available to the Third Party146

7.7 No Consideration Required146

7.9 Variation and Cancellation147

7.10 The Defences Available to the Promisor149

7.11 Avoiding Double Liability150

7.12 Exceptions to the New Third Party Right of Action151

7.13 Preserving Existing Exceptions152

7.14 Rights of the Promisee152

7.15 Collateral Contracts158

7.16 Agency159

7.17 The Trust Concept160

7.18 The Role of the Law of Tort162

7.19 Assignment165

7.20 Negotiable Instruments165

7.21 Statutory Exceptions166

7.22 A Further Common Law Exception?167

7.23 Interference with Contractual Rights167

7.24 Conclusion169

Summary170

Exercises171

Part Ⅱ THE CONTENT OF A CONTRACT173

8 What is a Term?175

8.1 What is a Term?175

8.2 Verification176

8.3 Importance176

8.4 Special Knowledge177

8.5 The Consequences of the Distinction Between a Term and a Mere Representation177

8.6 Can a Representation be Incorporated into a Contract as a Term?178

Exercises179

Summary179

9 The Sources of Comtractual Terms181

9.1 Introduction181

9.2 The Parol Evidence Rule181

9.3 Bound by Your Signature?183

9.4 Incorporation of Written Terms188

9.5 Incorporation by a Course of Dealing191

9.6 Interpretation193

9.7 Rectification200

9.8 Implied Terms202

Summary205

Exercises206

10 The Classification of Contractual Terms207

10.1 The Classification of Terms207

10.2 What is a Condition ?208

10.3 Distinguishing Between a Condition and a Warranty208

10.4 The Need for Change?212

10.5 Innominate Terms216

Summary218

Exercises219

11 Exclusion Clauses220

11.1 Exclusion Clauses:Defence or Definition?220

11.2 The Functions of Exclusion Clauses222

11.3 An Outline of the Law222

11.4 Incorporation223

11.5 Construction of Exclusion Clauses223

11.6 Negligence Liability226

11.7 Fundamental Breach229

11.9 The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977231

11.8 Other Common Law Controls upon Exclusion Clauses231

11.10 Negligence Liability232

11.11 Liability for Breach of Contract237

11.12 Indemnity Clauses242

11.13 Attempts at Evasion242

11.14 The Reasonableness Test244

11.15 Excepted Contracts247

11.16 Conclusion247

Summary248

Exercises249

Part Ⅲ POLICING THE CONTRACT251

12 A Duty to Disclose Material Facts?253

12.1 Introduction253

12.2 Snatching at a Bargain254

12.3 Representation by Conduct255

12.4 Representation Falsified by Later Events256

12.8 A Duty of Disclosure in Tort?257

12.7 Fiduciary Relationships257

12.6 Contracts Uberrimae Fidei257

12.5 Statement Literally True but Misleading257

12.9 The Role of the Sale of Goods Act 1979258

12.10 Conclusion259

Summary264

Exercises264

13 Misrepresentation266

13.1 Introduction266

13.2 What is a Misrepresentation?267

13.3 A Statement of Existing Fact(or Law?)268

13.4 Addressed to the Party Misled270

13.5 Inducement271

13.6 The Types of Misrepresentation273

13.7 Remedies279

13.8 Rescission280

13.9 Damages282

13.10 Excluding Liability for Misrepresentation286

Summary287

Exercises288

14.1 Introduction289

14 Common Mistake and frustration289

14.2 Common Mistake291

14.3 Mistake as to the Existence of the Subject-matter of the Contract292

14.4 Mistake as to Identity of the Subject-matter295

14.5 Mistake as to the Possibility of Performing the Contract295

14.6 Mistake as to Quality296

14.7 Mistake in Equity298

14.8 Frustration301

14.9 Frustration,Force Majeure and Hardship302

14.10 Frustration:A Sterile Doctrine?305

14.11 Impossibility305

14.12 Frustration of Purpose306

14.13 Illegality308

14.14 Express Provision308

14.15 Foreseen and Forsecable Events309

14.16 Self-Induced Frustration310

14.17 The Effects of Frustration313

14.18 Conclusion317

Summary319

Exercises320

15 Illegality321

15.1 Introduction321

15.2 Some Difficulties of Classification322

15.3 Illegality in Performance323

15.4 Statutory Illegality325

15.5 Gaming and Wagering Contracts326

15.6 Illegality at Common Law326

15.8 Contracts Prejudicial to Family Life327

15.7 Contracts Contrary to Good Morals327

15.9 Contracts to Commit a Crime or a Civil Wrong328

15.10 Contracts Prejudicial to the Administration of Justice329

15.11 Contracts Prejudicial to Public Relations329

15.12 Contracts in Restraint of Trade330

15.13 Contracts of Employment331

15.14 Contracts for the Sale of a Business332

15.15 Restrictive Trading and Analogous Agreements332

15.16 The Scope of Public Policy333

15.17 The Effects of Illegality334

15.18 The Recovery of Money or Property335

15.19 Severance341

Summary342

Exercises342

16 Capacity344

16.1 Introduction344

16.2 Minors344

16.3 Mental Incapacity and Drunkenness348

16.4 Companies349

Exercises350

Summary350

17 Duress,Undue Influence,and Inequality of Bargaining Power351

17.1 Introduction351

17.2 Cnmmon Law Duress351

17.3 Undue Influence357

17.4 Inequality of Bargaining Power360

17.5 The Role of Parliament362

17.6 The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999363

17.7 A General Doctrine of Unconscionability?370

Summary372

Exercises373

Part Ⅳ PERFORMANCE,DISCHARGE AND REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT375

18 Performance and Discharge of the Contract377

18.1 Performance377

18.2 Discharge of the Contract378

18.3 Discharge by Performance378

18.5 Discharge by Operation of Law379

Summary379

18.4 Discharge by Agreement379

Exercises380

19 Breach of Contract381

19.1 Introduction:Breach Defined381

19.2 When Does Breach Occur?382

19.3 The Consequences of Breach383

19.4 Damages383

19.5 Enforcement by the Party in Breach383

19.6 The Right to Terminate Performance of the Contract384

19.7 The Prospective Nature of Breach385

19.8 The Right of Election386

19.9 Anticipatory Breach390

Summary393

Exercises393

20 Damages for Breach of Contract395

20.1 Introduction395

20.2 Compensation and the Different Interests395

20.3 The Expectation Interest397

20.4 The Restitution Interest402

20.5 Failure of Consideration and Enrichment by Subtraction403

20.6 Enrichment by Wrongdoing405

20.7 Reliance Interest411

20.8 The Date of Assessment413

20.9 The Commitment to the Protection of the Expectation Interest413

20.10 Mitigation413

20.11 Remoteness415

20.12 Causation418

20.13 Damages for Pain and Suffering and the Consumer Surplus420

Summary423

20.14 Conclusion423

Exercises424

21 Obtaining an Adequate Remedy425

21.1 Introduction425

21.2 The Entire Obligations(or Contracts )Rule426

21.3 The Creation of Conditions428

21.4 A Claim in Debt428

21.5 Liquidated Damages429

21.6 Evading the Penalty Clause Rule433

21.7 Deposits and Part Payments435

21.8 Liquidated Damages,Penalty Clauses and Forfeitures:An Assessment439

21.9 Specific Performance441

21.10 Injunctions446

21.11 Damages in Lieu of Specific Performance446

21.12 Conclusion446

Summary447

Exercises448

Bibliography451

Index458